Sunday, December 07, 2008

चयन नहीं चुनाव चाहिए :


राजनितिक दलों के हित में है की प्रत्याशियों का चयन नहीं चुनाव करें

हाल ही में हुए ६ राज्यों के चुनावों को सेमीफाइनल भी कहा जा राह है क्योंकि वो कुछ ही महीने बाद होने वाले लोकसभा चुनाव का रुझान दर्शाएंगे । इन चुनाव से दो बातें साफ़ तौर से उभर कर आई हैं। पहली ये की निर्वाचन आयोग के कड़े रवैये से चुनाव में पैसे और बाहुबल का उपयोग कम हुआ है, जिसके कारण चुनाव शान्ति पूर्ण और साफ़ सुथरे ढंग से हुए। दूसरी बात ये की सभी मुख्य दलों के अन्दर के झगडे जनता के सामने आ गए।

चुनाव आयोग के कड़े रुख का नतीजा है की शहर की दीवारें साफ़ हैं, ट्रेफ्फिक जाम हैं लगे, गुंडागर्दी नहीं हुई और ना ही शराब, साड़ी इत्यादी देकर मतदाता को करीदा गया। आम आदमी का जीवन सामान्य रूप से चलता रहा।


मुख्या दलों की अंदरूनी लडाई के कारण आखरी समय पे नेताओं का दल बदलना या निर्दलिये का मैदान में उतरना सभी राज्यों में देखा गया। इसका मुख्या कारण है की दल उम्मेदवार उसी को बनते हैं जीके पास पैसा या पहुँच है। यह बात राहुल गाँधी ने भी स्वीकारी है। इसका असर मार्गरेट अल्वा जी वरिष्ट नेता पर भी देखा गया, जिनके परिजनों को कर्णाटक में उम्मेदवारी नहीं मिली। ये बीमारी बी.जे.पी में भी है। सुषमा स्वराज के बनाये गए उम्मीदवार मध्य प्रदेश में अपने ही दल के बागी नेता से हार गए। स्थानीय टी.व्ही. चैनल अंदरूनी लडाई को छुपने नहीं देते। इससे नेताओ के कुकर्म भी उजागर हो जाते हैं। एक तरफ़ ये जनता के लिए अच्छा है तो दूसरी तरफ़ पार्टी मुख्यालय में बैठे वरिष्ठ नेताओं के लिए सर दर्द है। इसका एक ही इलाज है, की उम्मीदवारों का चयन दिल्ली में बैठे नेता न करें वरन, निर्वाचन क्षेत्र के कार्यकर्ता चुनाव के दुआर करें।

सुविधा के लिए हम इसे 'पार्टी चुनाव ' कह सकते हैं, जो की आम चुनाव के २ महीने पहले होने चाहिए। इन चुनाव में केवल दल के कार्यकार्ताअथवा सदस्यों को ही मत का आधीकार होगा और सिर्फ़ उस क्षेत्र के ही मतदाता होंगे। जो भी नेता अपनेआप को आम चुनाव में जीतने के काबिल समझते हैं, वे उम्मेदवार बन सकते हैं। फिर वो पार्टी सदस्यों के बीच अपना प्रचार प्रसार कर के उनके मत लेने की कोशिश करें। ये अमेरिका में होने वाली प्राईमरी प्रक्रिया के तरफ़ ही है। साफ़ बात है की जो उमीदवार अपने ही दल के सदस्यों के मत नहीं प्राप्त कर सकता वो जनता के मत क्या प्राप्त करेगा। जिसने अपने दल में अधिकतम मत प्राप्त किए हैं वो ही पार्टी को जीता सकता है। पार्टी को उसे ही उम्मेदवार बना होगा।

आप कहेंगे की आज के दौर में जहाँ निहित स्वार्थ की रखा के लिए तंत्र और चुनाव प्रणाली को तोड़ मरोड़ दिया जाता है वहां 'पार्टी चुनाव ' कौन करना चाहेगा। निम्नलिखित कारणों से 'पार्टी चुनाव ' अपनाना मुख्या की हित में है:

मुख्या दलों को अच्छे से पता है की अंदरूनी इसे के चलते चुनाव जीतना बहुत मुश्किल हो जाता है। पार्टी के नेता एवं सदस्य ये कहकर दल बदल लेते हैं की उनकी सुनवाई नहीं होती। इससे छोटे दलों को फायदा मिलता है जो की बड़े दलों का वोट काटते हैं। 'पार्टी चुनाव ' से सभी को अपनी बात कहने का अवसर मिलेगा और उन्हें सुनवाई नहीं होने की शिकायत नहीं होगी।
मुख्या दलों में कार्यकर्ताओं में ये भावना आ रही है की उम्मेदवार का चयन अनुचित ढंग से किया जाता है। जिसमे धन, बाहुबल, और बड़े नेताओं से करीबी होना आवश्यक होता है। इसीसे दलों की सदस्यता भी कम होती जा रही है। 'पार्टी चुनाव ' से कार्यकर्ताओं में ये भावना नहीं रहेगी।

चुनाव के पूर्व असंतोष के कारण नेता एवं कार्यकार्ता दल बदल लेते हैं। इसके कारण मत तो जाते ही हैं, और पार्टी को भी शर्मसार होना पड़ता है और वरिष्ठ नेता की छवि ख़राब होती है। इन बागी नेताओं को लगता है की कोई चोटी पार्टी इन्हे बड़ा पद देगी और इनका भविष्य उज्जवल होगा। जैसा की महाराष्ट्र में नारायण राणे, छगन भुजबल के साथ हुआ। अगर 'पार्ट चुनाव ' होता है तो बागी नेता का सही मूल्य सबके सामने आ जाएगा। फिर उन्हें बदलने का कोई कारण नहीं होगा और जीस दल में वो जन चाहते हैं उसे भी उनका सही मूल्य पता होगा।

'पार्टी चुनाव' कारण का एक कारण ये भी है की जो नई पढ़ीके मतदाता हैं वे शिक्षित और विचार विमर्श चाहते हैं। उनको रुझान का तरीका है की उन्हें अपनी बात कहने का अवसर दिया जाए। वे लडाई झगडा करके, या पुतले जलाकर अपना मत नहीं बताना चाहते। अगर कोई पार्टी इन्हे रुझान चाहती है तो उसे ये दिखाना होगा की वो नए दौर के तौर तरीके अपना रही है।

'पार्टी चुनाव ' करवाने का आव्हान पार्टी के कार्यकार्ता को भी करना होगा, इससे ही उसका भविष्य उज्जवल होगा और मुखाल्या में बैठे वरिष्ठ नेताओं का सर दर्द कम होगा। एक अतिरिक्त फायदा ये भी होगा की बहुत से लोग तो राज्यों की राजधानी एवं दिल्ली तक का ट्रेन का सफर करते हैं वो अपने निर्वाचन क्षेत्र का दौरा करेंगे और ट्रेन में भीड़ नहीं बढायेंगे।

Lessons from Mumbai part I

Here is a set of guidelines for people, institutions, media, police and politicians to be followed in emergency situations. Get these guidelines implemented.

REASON for making these guidelines.
 Our awareness and readiness is our first defense.
 The more prepared we are, the more difficult it will be for them.
 The more we tolerate our own follies the less prepared we become.
 The more time we spend in discussion, the more time we give the terrorists for planning.
 Chaos is a friend of our enemies.

EMERGENCY can be: Fire/Stampede/ Earth quake/Terrorism action like Bomb blast or firing

1.Guidelines for Public places.( like Hotels, Cinema halls, Railway station, Shopping malls, colleges, religious places, Hospitals)
a.Have at least 10 stretchers, kept in an accessible place to carry the injured.
b.Mark a clear path for emergency services to come in and go out in minimum time. These should be marked on all gates.
c.Have 1 drill each quarter for the emergency situations like fire, stampede, blasts.
d.Have loud alarms to make everyone in any corner aware of emergency and that means escape through the emergency exit.
e.Have ‘cordon tape’ or ‘barrier tapes’ to cordon of the area where entry is not allowed.
f.Staff should know what to do in case of emergency.
i.Whom to report to in office in case of emergency.
ii.How to escape
iii.How to report emergency to nearest police/hospitals.


2.Guidelines for People
a.Don’t crowd around the scene of action. Go home and sit tight. Even a few minutes delay in arrival of the police vehicles due to crowd can give terrorist enough time to recuperate.
b.The moment you hear loud noises of gunfire/explosion, lie down on the ground.
c.Don’t panic. Panic can cause stampede. Chaos helps to serve the purpose of terrorists.
d.You gain nothing if you waive your hands in front of TV cameras. This is emergency, not a Cricket match.
e.During emergency situations, only bonafied passengers should go to Railway stations or Airports, this will reduce traffic and ease police checking in these areas.
f.Keep your eyes and ears open while traveling. A rashly driven vehicle on the road can be that of the terrorist. Don’t ignore that, inform police about it.


3.Relatives of hostages
a.Should be given a separate waiting area inside a nearby building and not kept waiting on streets.
b.Fix the number of family members allowed on scene. 2 or 3 members only.
c.Make sure only the healthy ones are allowed.
d.No heart patients, children or old relatives should be allowed, as the scene can be traumatizing and affect them psychologically for a long time to come.


4.Guidelines for police
a.Cordon off the scene and put barricade. (Two bystanders were hit when bullets went astray during the encounter at Taj hotel)
b.Have ‘cordon tape’ or ‘barrier tapes’ to cordon of the area where entry is not allowed.
c.Mark a clear path for the coming and going of the vehicles like police cars, ambulances, fire brigades. (at the Nariman house, people were crowding the narrow lanes and the vehicles had a very slow speed.)
d.Clamp a total curfew in the area.
e.Allow movement of emergency vehicles only. (Young boys were walking from one terror scene to another as if they are going form one tamasha to another.)
f.Hospitals must be given a number to report the number of beds with them in case of emergency. This number will then guide the ambulances to the hospital which is ready.
g.A emergency frequency must be there for telecom communication. Around the action scene, all frequency except the emergency frequency should be jammed using frequency jammers.)
h.During emergency situations, only bonafied passengers should be allowed on Railway platforms or Airports, this will reduce traffic and ease police checking in these areas.



5.Guidelines to the media in emergency situations.
a.Limit the number of journalist per channel. 2 at most.
b.Don’t poke your mike into a just released hostage.
c.Don’t poke your mike into a commando/policeman who has just come out of a grueling battle.
d.Don’t air comments by bystanders as they only add to the rumor and don’t give authoritative and concrete information.
e.Respect the limits set by police. (one India TV reporter was shown standing right behind a NSG commando, he should be taken to court for obstructing military operations)
f.Don’t take positions in nearby buildings for a better shot as even one bullet hitting a journalist is success for the terrorists.
g.Don’t air the relatives of policeman or victims unless they give you explicit permission to make their grief public. Respect their privacy in these extremely painful situations.
h.If you have made a wrong reporting, say SORRY.


6.Guidelines for Politicians:
a.Politician should refrain from giving comments to the media, unless they have credible information.
b.Don’t visit a martyr’s house unless you have been given permission by his/her relatives.
c.Don’t announce compensation, till the incident is over and you know you can deliver.
d.Local MLA/MP should come on air and ask the people to remain indoors and cooperate with police.
e.Be quick to seek help from other state police/NSG/Army and private agencies.
f.Politicians should use their party machinery to prevent spread of rumors.
g.When paying tribute to martyrs, don’t highlight your own name or that of your party workers.
h.Say SORRY. That’s what people want to hear. Not saying sorry shows your arrogant incompetence. Say SORRY to people.

These guidelines should be widely circulated in public using all media, (Radio/Print/TV/ internet/ mobile) to be circulated among public at the earliest and repeatedly at the time of emergency. F possible take them to Police, Media, and your company/college etc. for implementation.
Translate into Indian languages.

Wanted election not selection: Practice democracy in the party then preach it to people.

The recent polls in 6 states of India, also called semifinals, as they are only a few months before the general elections have been marked by two noticeable things. One is tighter control by EC on expenses and other activities of the candidates. The second is more than expected in party fighting within the major political parties.

The result of the tighter control by EC is that the candidates will have to make more sensible efforts to woo the voters. They cannot just distribute goodies to poor people or send hordes of workers creating noise and traffic jams. The common mans life is running normally.

The result of the second is that fringe parties have high hopes of bagging a seat. Also, as more and more members from within the party want to expose the weakness of their rival, more revelations are being made of the wrong doing by party members. This is a headache for the bosses sitting in Delhi and state capitals. In a certain way is good for the people but is still far from what democracy can achieve in India. The only way to resolve this is by election of candidates, rather than selection. The political parties should hold an internal election for those who desire to be candidates from a constituency.

For sake of convenience, lets call them ‘Party elections’. In these elections, only the registered party workers from that area should be allowed to vote. Each vote shall have the same weightage and party office bearers should be the same as the party worker. During the campaign for ‘party elections’, candidates shall give reasons to the party workers as to why they are best fit to contest the elections and why their possibility of winning it for the party is high.

Although this suggestion can be scoffed at, saying that it is impractical given the existing vested interest and system created to serve that interest, there are ample reasons why this is the only solution. Here are few compelling reason.
Parties realize that they cannot win an election with infighting and without the support of party workers. The regular membership of the parties is decreasing by the day as most get disenchanted when they feel that they are not being heard. The ‘party election’, will allow everyone to be heard. Whosoever wins the party election, the party will support him/her.
Then there is feeling of unfairness in the party workers when it comes to selection of candidates. So much so that senior leaders like Margret Alva and Rahul Gandhi have acknowledged that money, power and closeness to ruling families are the criteria to get the party nominations. This feeling is in all political parties. If there is election, there will be no such allegations.
When there is dissatisfaction, some leaders leave the parties just before the election to join rival parties, in the hope that they will get a bigger role in those parties. This costs the big parties a loss of face and votes. If there is a ‘party election’, and some leaders loose it, then they will have little reason to leave the party and go to rival. As they will know their true worth and so will everybody.
As the new educated voters emerge and want to participate in the political process, they will demand themselves to be heard. No party can attract them without giving them a decent method to express their opinion. They cannot hustle and justle with the crowd and will leave the affairs to less educated. They want politics to be a arena of ideas and views not of physical strength and money strength. If any party wants to attract these young and educated people, they would do well to initiate internal elections. Only then can it hope to attract the new generation.

Hence these are compelling reason why it is important for the mainstream parties to implement ‘party elections’. It is not just upto the bosses in Delhi or state capitals but its time the party workers start demanding ‘party elections’ to brighten their prospects and that of the country.

Tuesday, August 05, 2008

Will Pakistan stop the Nuclear Deal


The ruling UPA govt. has put a lot of energy in saving the Nuke deal in India, but has it underestimated the problems in international diplomacy. The Indian press shies away from reporting the problems of India in international diplomacy, as it may be labeled unpatriotic. But that does not make international diplomacy any easier. India seems to have learnt few lessons from its failed bid to the UN Security Council. Getting the deal through the 45 member countries of Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) will demand the best from Indian Diplomats and politicians.


Pakistan, which has always been regarded as a equal to India, in strategic terms by the western powers, will not easily let this parity with India go. Lately Pakistan has realized that it is lagging behind India on all counts and realizes that its nuclear arsenal is the only thing that makes it important to world powers. Secondly its status as an ally to the west in war on terror is also important for the west. Thirdly, it finds an ally in the Oil rich Saudi Arabia, when it comes to matter of aid based on Islam. For all three reasons, in the circles of international diplomacy, it is able to throw a lot more weight than its size merits,


Pakistan did play a role in India's failure to get the UN Security Council. Although USA and China don't support it openly, but it does get the diplomatic help it needs from both of them. Pakistan projects the civil nuclear reason for accelerated arms race in the sub-continent. Although Pak is known for its role in Nuclear proliferation, and India for its role in Non-proliferation, this time Pak will get support from the Non-proliferation lobby. Nuclear non-proliferation holds strong sentiments in some of the NSG member countries like Australia, Japan, Canada and some European countries, where the voters will put all the pressure on their government, not to support India.


The Non-proliferation lobby, will present India's case as rewarding the culprit. As India has not signed the NPT and opposes it still on the grounds of it being not equal, others who have not signed NPT will also be inspired to follow India’s route to legitimacy. Others like Iran, Pakistan, North Korea to pursue Nuclear weapons in the hope that they will be get the desired legitimacy in due course of time as all have genuine need for cheap energy, one of the reasons used by Indian govt to convince people to back the treaty.


Pakistan will also argue, that if energy is so much required in India, why is India delaying the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline, which can bring energy and peace, by making strong links in economies across the border. Pakistan has increased efforts to stop the treaty in its tracks. It has sent letters to NSG countries warning of arms race. It has also threatened to pull out of Nuclear control treaties like FMCT,(Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty). This has stirred the threat of nuclear proliferation even among those who were still indifferent. Pakistan also holds significant weight among US law makers as they see it as a vital ally in war on terror. Though many are fed up with the games Pakistan is playing in Afghanistan, but there is little they can do to not to support Pakistan. For this reason, getting the deal through the US congress before the end of George Bush term as president looks too tough a task.


Strategically, as is being projected, that the US will use India as a counter weight to China, China has always been using Pakistan to keep India busy. Chinese would demand strong concession from USA and others to allow India the same privileges that it enjoys. Further, China still does not forgive India for supporting Tibet and has little reasons to allow India or any other Asian country a greater size in the international arena.


The ruling Congress tried to sell the deal as an important milestone in India-US relationships and greatly underestimated the ability of Indian politicians to spin a different story on it. The left and other centre-left went to the press showing it as submission to US and even calling it anti-Muslim. It was when all the damage had been done, that they started emphasizing the Nuclear-energy as an solution to India's energy requirement. For a country, which got a bad deal in Enron power plant in Maharashtra in late nineties and for which GE took the govt. to court, the opposition quickly and easily showed it as a treaty for the benefit of big US corporations.


The scientific community, the politicians and the people of India, still remain divided over the real benefits of the deal. If Manmohan Singh and the Congress party, after winning a slender trust vote, loose the Nuke deal for reasons associated to Pakistan, it will be one of the biggest embarrassment both can ever face and can give a decisive blow to their chances in the looming elections.


Abhinav

30 July 2008

Monday, July 21, 2008

New TV Channel -Viacom18, Colors, Seires 'BALIKA VADHU'' promotes Child Marraige

Friends,

Currently there are promotions of the series that will be shown on
Colors, and one of them has caught my attention. A series names 'Balika Vadhu'. It comes out from the promotions that
this is about Child Marriage.

As you would be well aware, that
Child Marriage is outlawed and is illegal. It was a condemnable
practice and unfortunately still occurs in small numbers in some parts
of India. It would not do any good to the society if this series shows such a
practice as a fancy thing to happen in a child's' life.

Viacom
18 parent, Viacom undertakes well publicized Corporate Social
Responsibility programmes in USA and its subsudary should not indulge
in socially irresponsible broadcasting in India for motives of profit.
Though there are no laws to binding them from showing this series, as a
responsible citizen, one should understand that by showing child
marriage in a positive light, can give a boost to this practice in
sub-urban and rural India.

I would request you to kindly drop a mail to Viacom18 and request them to abstain from showing this series.

Public opinion is the only thing that TV Channels care for.
Below are Email Ids,

VIACOM 18:
communications@viacom18.com
Sonia.huria@viacom18.com

Ministry of Women and Child :http://wcd.nic.in/
min-wcd@nic.in,
secy.wcd@nic.in,
jscd.wcd@nic.in

Leading Child Right NGOs

Child Relief and You
website: http://www.cry.org/general/contactus.html
cryinfo.mum@crymail.org
cryinfo.del@crymail.org

Childline India
website : http://www.childlineindia.org.in/rights.htm
dial1098@childlineindia.org.in



Abhinav

Wednesday, May 28, 2008

Common Mans Index of Corruption

Hi All,
trying to figure out a way of accessing how much my quality of life is affected by corruption, here is a measure I came up with.

I invite comments on this and other approaches on the same.

Index of corruption: Or how much you are affected by it in your daily life.

Lets say you buy a house for (x) 20 lakh rupees.
In the transaction, you pay a bribe (c) of Rs, 30,000 or 1.5% of the value.

Then you do the interiors of your house for (y) 3.0 lakh rupees.

Broadly speaking, your lifestyle or standard of living is determined by the value of house and the interiors you have in it.

Index of corruption: c/ y
OR change it into percent by multiplying by 100

In this case 30000/300,000 = 0.1
or 10%

The reasoning is that the money you spent as bribe could have been used to increase the interiors of your house.
Similar corruption is experienced by all the shops in your neighborhood. They pass on the cost to the consumer by increasing their charges.

This should give you a reasonable idea that how much your life can be improved by eliminating corruption and if you find the value enough, then you can do something about it.

I invite comments.

my 2 cents
Abhinav

Thursday, February 07, 2008

Private Armies of India

The Private Armies of India

It’s an old saying, freedom also needs responsibility. One needs strength to save oneself from others, and one needs sensibilities to save one from his/her own follies. This is as true for individuals, communities as well as nations.

For that reason, a country gives to itself a constitution. It’s a guideline for a society, meant not just to protect the weak from the strong but also to protect the strong from themselves. As the sensible know that everyone has different strengths and should be allowed to grow and contribute in his/her own way to the benefit of all. Hence, there are laws (thousands of them) and a process to get justice (painfully slow).

The genie is out of the bottle:

The inability of the state to deliver justice causes frustration in individuals or groups. That’s an opportunity for politician on all sides, left right or centre. Political parties have member who are sometimes also called activist. They are actually private armies of party leaders. Private here meaning they take instructions from individuals and armies, as they are armed and don’t think before using it.

This sena, that sena, this student union, that parishad, this cadre, that youth wing. They come in all colors, orange, white, red, green, blue etc. These people know, they can get away with murder in the name of political unrest. Usually they kill the helpless poor. Its happening in all parts of India, from TN to J&K, from Gujrat to WB, recently Assam joined the list.

The methodology is simple. A small time politician wants to get noticed by the media and make his/her presence felt on the political landscape. He/She pick a flimsy reason, a perceived injustice. Take to the streets, break law. Hit street vendors, they are poor, helpless, underfed, can’t fight. Even kill a few. This has turned into a business for politicians and their network, so today we witness private armies breaking law on flimsiest of the reasons or even without reason just for practice.

Its going out of hand:

Actually they are not political activist, they are mercenaries. They don’t have political beliefs, they switch political parties or ideology like they change clothes. So, even their masters who thought they can control them sometimes find themselves as the target. This is sometimes called a split in the party.

Its really going private. Any one who can assemble a bunch of 20 or so to shout slogans knows he can get away with breaking the law. Break into any individual’s house, break his bones etc whatever they choose to break as long as they have a flimsy reason like hurt sentiments.

The law has become anybody’s donkey. Hit it, break it, overload it (file cases against film stars, sports person for wearing less clothes or disrespecting tradition or country). Do anything but don’t make it strong. If they make it strong, it will kick them.

How and why it keeps growing:

Everywhere you will find people who will not do their job, for one or the other reason like bribe or some enmity etc. Also, there are and have always been people in the society who ignore the larger good to pursue their own good. They say, it’s not my job or its does not hurt me. Thanks to both the set of people mentioned above the law breakers have a field day.

Ignore it at your own peril.

Abhinav

08 Feb 2008

Tuesday, February 05, 2008

SAVE MUMBAI

This analysis is based on the example of NewYork and California. The commercial capital is in New York city and Los Angeles, while the political capital of NewYork Sate, is Albany and that of California is Sacramento.

In order to save Mumbai and the rest of Maharashtra, we need to shift the States political capital to Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. The idea is to separate the political and business capital. This is for the following reason


1) Politicians and administration, have first responsibility for the poor of rural MH, but they spend a lot of time hob-nobbing with the Industrialist and film stars of Mumbai. If a poor person has to give a plea to the CM or any minister, he has to travel all the way to Mumbai, and bear the expenses of this city, which is one of the most expensive in the world.

2) Since wages in the Govt. sector don't rise fast, while expenses in Mumbai rise, this forces the Govt. employees towards corruption and they start receiving bribes. This money flows into local economy and further increases cost. Business men from other parts of MH, come to Mumbai to pay bribes, the bribes are spent in Mumbai, this further increases black money and costs.

3) Economic Growth of poorer regions of Maharashtra: It is well known fact that whereever is the political capital, the growth of that region will occur. Hence, there is a call from some leaders for a separate state of Vidarbha. If the capital moves to Vidarbha region, that region will witness economic growth.

Conflict of governance:
1) As the response of 26/11 shows that the various govt agencies don't work harmoniously. It is better that the city is governed by only the municipal corporation. In the current scenario, any action planned by state government is stopped by municipal corporation and vice versa.

Its the only way out.

Similar approach for balanced growth has also been taken by other large states, for example Madhya Pradesh where the commerical capital is Indore in the west, political capital is in Bhopal in the centre and Judicial capital is in Jabalpur in east.


Abhinav